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Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study. Evans JM, McMahon AD, McGilchrist MM, White G, Murray FE, McDevitt DG, MacDonald TM. Free full text article available at bmj.com: 2QJM 1995;88:551–557
The following article concludes: “Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in relieving pain in acute and chronic conditions.” BMJ. 1998 Jan 31;316(7128):333-8
Free full text article available at bmj.com: The following article reports “The systemic concentrations of ketoprofen have also been found to be 100 fold lower compared to tissue concentrations below the application site in patients undergoing knee joint surgery. Topically applied ketoprofen thus provides high local concentration below the site of application but lower systemic exposure.” Pharm Res. 1996 Jan;13(1):168-72 Shah AK, Wei G, Lanman RC, Bhargava VO, Weir SJ. |
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